Authors: Kathleen Sheehan, MD, et al.
Abstract: The research team set out to examine how Project ECHO Integrated Mental and Physical Health (ECHO-IMPH) influences the attitudes and approaches of primary care providers and other participants towards patients with complex needs.
ECHO-IMPH was launched in January 2019 and, to date, eight investigative ‘cycles of care’ have been conducted. Between August 2020 and March 2021, 164 providers from two ECHO-IMPH cycles were invited to participate in this impact study; 22 agreed. Data was analyzed using the Braun & Clarke method for thematic analysis.
Three major themes were identified. Participants described:
- Enhanced knowledge and skills.
- Changes in attitude and approach.
- Space for reflection and exploration.
Participants said ECHO-IMPH helped them to view patients more holistically, which led to greater patient-centered care in their practice. Additionally, skills gained in ECHO-IMPH gave participants concrete tools needed to have more empathetic interactions with patients who had complex needs.
“ECHO-IMPH created a safe space for participants to reflect on their practice with patients with complex needs,” say the authors. “Participants applied newly acquired knowledge and skills to provide more empathetic and patient-centered care for patients with complex needs. Based on the shift in perspectives described by participants, transformative learning theory was proposed as a model for how ECHO-IMPH created change in participants’ practice.”
Importance: Patient complexity captures interconnected elements of multi-morbidity across physical, mental, and psychosocial domains. However, clinical guidelines are usually focused on single conditions, rarely considering multiple issues, even when these frequently co-occur. Patients with complex needs often have poorer clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates. To improve care for individuals with complex needs, providers need specialized training to enhance knowledge about how these domains can affect each other and increase skill in implementing appropriate care strategies to address these sometimes competing concerns.
In Ontario, a high proportion of complex patient care is addressed within primary care due to the province’s geographically dispersed population and distribution of specialized care. However, practitioners managing this care often have limited training in the care of those with co-occurring mental and physical illness, and may have limited access to specialist support, particularly in remote and under-serviced areas. Moreover, patients sometimes prefer to not to include additional health professionals in their care.
Continuing professional development interventions such as this ECHO-IMPH cycle, funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health, are an avenue to addressing this challenge.
Availability: Pre-publication in the Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison (JACLP).
